INSTALL   INSTALL 
Installation Instructions Installation Instructions
************************* *************************
Copyright (C) 1994, 1995, 1996, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2004, 2005, Copyright (C) 1994-1996, 1999-2002, 2004-2011 Free Software Foundation,
2006, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc. Inc.
This file is free documentation; the Free Software Foundation gives Copying and distribution of this file, with or without modification,
unlimited permission to copy, distribute and modify it. are permitted in any medium without royalty provided the copyright
notice and this notice are preserved. This file is offered as-is,
without warranty of any kind.
Basic Installation Basic Installation
================== ==================
Briefly, the shell commands `./configure; make; make install' should Briefly, the shell commands `./configure; make; make install' should
configure, build, and install this package. The following configure, build, and install this package. The following
more-detailed instructions are generic; see the `README' file for more-detailed instructions are generic; see the `README' file for
instructions specific to this package. instructions specific to this package. Some packages provide this
`INSTALL' file but do not implement all of the features documented
below. The lack of an optional feature in a given package is not
necessarily a bug. More recommendations for GNU packages can be found
in *note Makefile Conventions: (standards)Makefile Conventions.
The `configure' shell script attempts to guess correct values for The `configure' shell script attempts to guess correct values for
various system-dependent variables used during compilation. It uses various system-dependent variables used during compilation. It uses
those values to create a `Makefile' in each directory of the package. those values to create a `Makefile' in each directory of the package.
It may also create one or more `.h' files containing system-dependent It may also create one or more `.h' files containing system-dependent
definitions. Finally, it creates a shell script `config.status' that definitions. Finally, it creates a shell script `config.status' that
you can run in the future to recreate the current configuration, and a you can run in the future to recreate the current configuration, and a
file `config.log' containing compiler output (useful mainly for file `config.log' containing compiler output (useful mainly for
debugging `configure'). debugging `configure').
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diffs or instructions to the address given in the `README' so they can diffs or instructions to the address given in the `README' so they can
be considered for the next release. If you are using the cache, and at be considered for the next release. If you are using the cache, and at
some point `config.cache' contains results you don't want to keep, you some point `config.cache' contains results you don't want to keep, you
may remove or edit it. may remove or edit it.
The file `configure.ac' (or `configure.in') is used to create The file `configure.ac' (or `configure.in') is used to create
`configure' by a program called `autoconf'. You need `configure.ac' if `configure' by a program called `autoconf'. You need `configure.ac' if
you want to change it or regenerate `configure' using a newer version you want to change it or regenerate `configure' using a newer version
of `autoconf'. of `autoconf'.
The simplest way to compile this package is: The simplest way to compile this package is:
1. `cd' to the directory containing the package's source code and type 1. `cd' to the directory containing the package's source code and type
`./configure' to configure the package for your system. `./configure' to configure the package for your system.
Running `configure' might take a while. While running, it prints Running `configure' might take a while. While running, it prints
some messages telling which features it is checking for. some messages telling which features it is checking for.
2. Type `make' to compile the package. 2. Type `make' to compile the package.
3. Optionally, type `make check' to run any self-tests that come with 3. Optionally, type `make check' to run any self-tests that come with
the package. the package, generally using the just-built uninstalled binaries.
4. Type `make install' to install the programs and any data files and 4. Type `make install' to install the programs and any data files and
documentation. documentation. When installing into a prefix owned by root, it is
recommended that the package be configured and built as a regular
user, and only the `make install' phase executed with root
privileges.
5. Optionally, type `make installcheck' to repeat any self-tests, but
this time using the binaries in their final installed location.
This target does not install anything. Running this target as a
regular user, particularly if the prior `make install' required
root privileges, verifies that the installation completed
correctly.
5. You can remove the program binaries and object files from the 6. You can remove the program binaries and object files from the
source code directory by typing `make clean'. To also remove the source code directory by typing `make clean'. To also remove the
files that `configure' created (so you can compile the package for files that `configure' created (so you can compile the package for
a different kind of computer), type `make distclean'. There is a different kind of computer), type `make distclean'. There is
also a `make maintainer-clean' target, but that is intended mainly also a `make maintainer-clean' target, but that is intended mainly
for the package's developers. If you use it, you may have to get for the package's developers. If you use it, you may have to get
all sorts of other programs in order to regenerate files that came all sorts of other programs in order to regenerate files that came
with the distribution. with the distribution.
6. Often, you can also type `make uninstall' to remove the installed 7. Often, you can also type `make uninstall' to remove the installed
files again. files again. In practice, not all packages have tested that
uninstallation works correctly, even though it is required by the
GNU Coding Standards.
8. Some packages, particularly those that use Automake, provide `make
distcheck', which can by used by developers to test that all other
targets like `make install' and `make uninstall' work correctly.
This target is generally not run by end users.
Compilers and Options Compilers and Options
===================== =====================
Some systems require unusual options for compilation or linking that Some systems require unusual options for compilation or linking that
the `configure' script does not know about. Run `./configure --help' the `configure' script does not know about. Run `./configure --help'
for details on some of the pertinent environment variables. for details on some of the pertinent environment variables.
You can give `configure' initial values for configuration parameters You can give `configure' initial values for configuration parameters
by setting variables in the command line or in the environment. Here by setting variables in the command line or in the environment. Here
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*Note Defining Variables::, for more details. *Note Defining Variables::, for more details.
Compiling For Multiple Architectures Compiling For Multiple Architectures
==================================== ====================================
You can compile the package for more than one kind of computer at the You can compile the package for more than one kind of computer at the
same time, by placing the object files for each architecture in their same time, by placing the object files for each architecture in their
own directory. To do this, you can use GNU `make'. `cd' to the own directory. To do this, you can use GNU `make'. `cd' to the
directory where you want the object files and executables to go and run directory where you want the object files and executables to go and run
the `configure' script. `configure' automatically checks for the the `configure' script. `configure' automatically checks for the
source code in the directory that `configure' is in and in `..'. source code in the directory that `configure' is in and in `..'. This
is known as a "VPATH" build.
With a non-GNU `make', it is safer to compile the package for one With a non-GNU `make', it is safer to compile the package for one
architecture at a time in the source code directory. After you have architecture at a time in the source code directory. After you have
installed the package for one architecture, use `make distclean' before installed the package for one architecture, use `make distclean' before
reconfiguring for another architecture. reconfiguring for another architecture.
On MacOS X 10.5 and later systems, you can create libraries and On MacOS X 10.5 and later systems, you can create libraries and
executables that work on multiple system types--known as "fat" or executables that work on multiple system types--known as "fat" or
"universal" binaries--by specifying multiple `-arch' options to the "universal" binaries--by specifying multiple `-arch' options to the
compiler but only a single `-arch' option to the preprocessor. Like compiler but only a single `-arch' option to the preprocessor. Like
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This is not guaranteed to produce working output in all cases, you This is not guaranteed to produce working output in all cases, you
may have to build one architecture at a time and combine the results may have to build one architecture at a time and combine the results
using the `lipo' tool if you have problems. using the `lipo' tool if you have problems.
Installation Names Installation Names
================== ==================
By default, `make install' installs the package's commands under By default, `make install' installs the package's commands under
`/usr/local/bin', include files under `/usr/local/include', etc. You `/usr/local/bin', include files under `/usr/local/include', etc. You
can specify an installation prefix other than `/usr/local' by giving can specify an installation prefix other than `/usr/local' by giving
`configure' the option `--prefix=PREFIX'. `configure' the option `--prefix=PREFIX', where PREFIX must be an
absolute file name.
You can specify separate installation prefixes for You can specify separate installation prefixes for
architecture-specific files and architecture-independent files. If you architecture-specific files and architecture-independent files. If you
pass the option `--exec-prefix=PREFIX' to `configure', the package uses pass the option `--exec-prefix=PREFIX' to `configure', the package uses
PREFIX as the prefix for installing programs and libraries. PREFIX as the prefix for installing programs and libraries.
Documentation and other data files still use the regular prefix. Documentation and other data files still use the regular prefix.
In addition, if you use an unusual directory layout you can give In addition, if you use an unusual directory layout you can give
options like `--bindir=DIR' to specify different values for particular options like `--bindir=DIR' to specify different values for particular
kinds of files. Run `configure --help' for a list of the directories kinds of files. Run `configure --help' for a list of the directories
you can set and what kinds of files go in them. you can set and what kinds of files go in them. In general, the
default for these options is expressed in terms of `${prefix}', so that
specifying just `--prefix' will affect all of the other directory
specifications that were not explicitly provided.
The most portable way to affect installation locations is to pass the
correct locations to `configure'; however, many packages provide one or
both of the following shortcuts of passing variable assignments to the
`make install' command line to change installation locations without
having to reconfigure or recompile.
The first method involves providing an override variable for each
affected directory. For example, `make install
prefix=/alternate/directory' will choose an alternate location for all
directory configuration variables that were expressed in terms of
`${prefix}'. Any directories that were specified during `configure',
but not in terms of `${prefix}', must each be overridden at install
time for the entire installation to be relocated. The approach of
makefile variable overrides for each directory variable is required by
the GNU Coding Standards, and ideally causes no recompilation.
However, some platforms have known limitations with the semantics of
shared libraries that end up requiring recompilation when using this
method, particularly noticeable in packages that use GNU Libtool.
The second method involves providing the `DESTDIR' variable. For
example, `make install DESTDIR=/alternate/directory' will prepend
`/alternate/directory' before all installation names. The approach of
`DESTDIR' overrides is not required by the GNU Coding Standards, and
does not work on platforms that have drive letters. On the other hand,
it does better at avoiding recompilation issues, and works well even
when some directory options were not specified in terms of `${prefix}'
at `configure' time.
Optional Features
=================
If the package supports it, you can cause programs to be installed If the package supports it, you can cause programs to be installed
with an extra prefix or suffix on their names by giving `configure' the with an extra prefix or suffix on their names by giving `configure' the
option `--program-prefix=PREFIX' or `--program-suffix=SUFFIX'. option `--program-prefix=PREFIX' or `--program-suffix=SUFFIX'.
Optional Features
=================
Some packages pay attention to `--enable-FEATURE' options to Some packages pay attention to `--enable-FEATURE' options to
`configure', where FEATURE indicates an optional part of the package. `configure', where FEATURE indicates an optional part of the package.
They may also pay attention to `--with-PACKAGE' options, where PACKAGE They may also pay attention to `--with-PACKAGE' options, where PACKAGE
is something like `gnu-as' or `x' (for the X Window System). The is something like `gnu-as' or `x' (for the X Window System). The
`README' should mention any `--enable-' and `--with-' options that the `README' should mention any `--enable-' and `--with-' options that the
package recognizes. package recognizes.
For packages that use the X Window System, `configure' can usually For packages that use the X Window System, `configure' can usually
find the X include and library files automatically, but if it doesn't, find the X include and library files automatically, but if it doesn't,
you can use the `configure' options `--x-includes=DIR' and you can use the `configure' options `--x-includes=DIR' and
`--x-libraries=DIR' to specify their locations. `--x-libraries=DIR' to specify their locations.
Some packages offer the ability to configure how verbose the
execution of `make' will be. For these packages, running `./configure
--enable-silent-rules' sets the default to minimal output, which can be
overridden with `make V=1'; while running `./configure
--disable-silent-rules' sets the default to verbose, which can be
overridden with `make V=0'.
Particular systems Particular systems
================== ==================
On HP-UX, the default C compiler is not ANSI C compatible. If GNU On HP-UX, the default C compiler is not ANSI C compatible. If GNU
CC is not installed, it is recommended to use the following options in CC is not installed, it is recommended to use the following options in
order to use an ANSI C compiler: order to use an ANSI C compiler:
./configure CC="cc -Ae" ./configure CC="cc -Ae -D_XOPEN_SOURCE=500"
and if that doesn't work, install pre-built binaries of GCC for HP-UX. and if that doesn't work, install pre-built binaries of GCC for HP-UX.
HP-UX `make' updates targets which have the same time stamps as
their prerequisites, which makes it generally unusable when shipped
generated files such as `configure' are involved. Use GNU `make'
instead.
On OSF/1 a.k.a. Tru64, some versions of the default C compiler cannot On OSF/1 a.k.a. Tru64, some versions of the default C compiler cannot
parse its `<wchar.h>' header file. The option `-nodtk' can be used as parse its `<wchar.h>' header file. The option `-nodtk' can be used as
a workaround. If GNU CC is not installed, it is therefore recommended a workaround. If GNU CC is not installed, it is therefore recommended
to try to try
./configure CC="cc" ./configure CC="cc"
and if that doesn't work, try and if that doesn't work, try
./configure CC="cc -nodtk" ./configure CC="cc -nodtk"
On Solaris, don't put `/usr/ucb' early in your `PATH'. This
directory contains several dysfunctional programs; working variants of
these programs are available in `/usr/bin'. So, if you need `/usr/ucb'
in your `PATH', put it _after_ `/usr/bin'.
On Haiku, software installed for all users goes in `/boot/common',
not `/usr/local'. It is recommended to use the following options:
./configure --prefix=/boot/common
Specifying the System Type Specifying the System Type
========================== ==========================
There may be some features `configure' cannot figure out There may be some features `configure' cannot figure out
automatically, but needs to determine by the type of machine the package automatically, but needs to determine by the type of machine the package
will run on. Usually, assuming the package is built to be run on the will run on. Usually, assuming the package is built to be run on the
_same_ architectures, `configure' can figure that out, but if it prints _same_ architectures, `configure' can figure that out, but if it prints
a message saying it cannot guess the machine type, give it the a message saying it cannot guess the machine type, give it the
`--build=TYPE' option. TYPE can either be a short name for the system `--build=TYPE' option. TYPE can either be a short name for the system
type, such as `sun4', or a canonical name which has the form: type, such as `sun4', or a canonical name which has the form:
CPU-COMPANY-SYSTEM CPU-COMPANY-SYSTEM
where SYSTEM can have one of these forms: where SYSTEM can have one of these forms:
OS KERNEL-OS OS
KERNEL-OS
See the file `config.sub' for the possible values of each field. If See the file `config.sub' for the possible values of each field. If
`config.sub' isn't included in this package, then this package doesn't `config.sub' isn't included in this package, then this package doesn't
need to know the machine type. need to know the machine type.
If you are _building_ compiler tools for cross-compiling, you should If you are _building_ compiler tools for cross-compiling, you should
use the option `--target=TYPE' to select the type of system they will use the option `--target=TYPE' to select the type of system they will
produce code for. produce code for.
If you want to _use_ a cross compiler, that generates code for a If you want to _use_ a cross compiler, that generates code for a
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`-q' `-q'
Do not print messages saying which checks are being made. To Do not print messages saying which checks are being made. To
suppress all normal output, redirect it to `/dev/null' (any error suppress all normal output, redirect it to `/dev/null' (any error
messages will still be shown). messages will still be shown).
`--srcdir=DIR' `--srcdir=DIR'
Look for the package's source code in directory DIR. Usually Look for the package's source code in directory DIR. Usually
`configure' can determine that directory automatically. `configure' can determine that directory automatically.
`--prefix=DIR' `--prefix=DIR'
Use DIR as the installation prefix. *Note Installation Names:: Use DIR as the installation prefix. *note Installation Names::
for more details, including other options available for fine-tuning for more details, including other options available for fine-tuning
the installation locations. the installation locations.
`--no-create' `--no-create'
`-n' `-n'
Run the configure checks, but stop before creating any output Run the configure checks, but stop before creating any output
files. files.
`configure' also accepts some other, not widely useful, options. Run `configure' also accepts some other, not widely useful, options. Run
`configure --help' for more details. `configure --help' for more details.
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