journalctl.xml   journalctl.xml 
skipping to change at line 87 skipping to change at line 87
entry. See entry. See
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.journal-fields</refent rytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry> <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.journal-fields</refent rytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>
for a list of well-known fields. If multiple matches for a list of well-known fields. If multiple matches
are specified matching different fields, the log are specified matching different fields, the log
entries are filtered by both, i.e. the resulting output entries are filtered by both, i.e. the resulting output
will show only entries matching all the specified will show only entries matching all the specified
matches of this kind. If two matches apply to the same matches of this kind. If two matches apply to the same
field, then they are automatically matched as field, then they are automatically matched as
alternatives, i.e. the resulting output will show alternatives, i.e. the resulting output will show
entries matching any of the specified matches for the entries matching any of the specified matches for the
same field. Finally, if the character same field. Finally, the character
<literal>+</literal> appears as a separate word on the <literal>+</literal> may appears as a separate word
command line, all matches before and after are combined between other terms on the command line. This causes
in a disjunction (i.e. logical OR).</para> all matches before and after to be combined in a
disjunction (i.e. logical OR).</para>
<para>As shortcuts for a few types of field/value <para>As shortcuts for a few types of field/value
matches, file paths may be specified. If a file path matches, file paths may be specified. If a file path
refers to an executable file, this is equivalent to an refers to an executable file, this is equivalent to an
<literal>_EXE=</literal> match for the canonicalized <literal>_EXE=</literal> match for the canonicalized
binary path. Similarly, if a path refers to a device binary path. Similarly, if a path refers to a device
node, this is equivalent to a node, this is equivalent to a
<literal>_KERNEL_DEVICE=</literal> match for the <literal>_KERNEL_DEVICE=</literal> match for the
device.</para> device.</para>
<para>Additional constraints may be added using options
<option>--boot</option>, <option>--unit=</option>,
etc, to further limit what entries will be shown
(logical AND).</para>
<para>Output is interleaved from all accessible <para>Output is interleaved from all accessible
journal files, whether they are rotated or currently journal files, whether they are rotated or currently
being written, and regardless of whether they belong to the being written, and regardless of whether they belong to the
system itself or are accessible user journals.</para> system itself or are accessible user journals.</para>
<para>The set of journal files which will be used
can be modified using the <option>--user</option>,
<option>--system</option>, <option>--directory</option>,
and <option>--file</option> options, see below.</para>
<para>All users are granted access to their private <para>All users are granted access to their private
per-user journals. However, by default, only root and per-user journals. However, by default, only root and
users who are members of the <literal>systemd-journal</lite ral> users who are members of the <literal>systemd-journal</lite ral>
group get access to the system journal and the group get access to the system journal and the
journals of other users.</para> journals of other users.</para>
<para>The output is paged through <para>The output is paged through
<command>less</command> by default, and long lines are <command>less</command> by default, and long lines are
"truncated" to screen width. The hidden part can be "truncated" to screen width. The hidden part can be
viewed by using the left-arrow and right-arrow viewed by using the left-arrow and right-arrow
keys. Paging can be disabled; see the keys. Paging can be disabled; see the
<option>--no-pager</option> option and the "Environment" <option>--no-pager</option> option and the "Environment"
section below.</para> section below.</para>
<para>When outputing to a tty, lines are colored <para>When outputting to a tty, lines are colored
according to priority: lines of level ERROR and higher according to priority: lines of level ERROR and higher
are colored red; lines of level NOTICE and higher are are colored red; lines of level NOTICE and higher are
highlighted; other lines are displayed normally. highlighted; other lines are displayed normally.
</para> </para>
</refsect1> </refsect1>
<refsect1> <refsect1>
<title>Options</title> <title>Options</title>
<para>The following options are understood:</para> <para>The following options are understood:</para>
skipping to change at line 184 skipping to change at line 195
<listitem><para>Immediately jump to <listitem><para>Immediately jump to
the end of the journal inside the the end of the journal inside the
implied pager tool. This implies implied pager tool. This implies
<option>-n1000</option> to guarantee <option>-n1000</option> to guarantee
that the pager will not buffer logs of that the pager will not buffer logs of
unbounded size. This may be overridden unbounded size. This may be overridden
with an explicit <option>-n</option> with an explicit <option>-n</option>
with some other numeric value on the with some other numeric value on the
command line. Note that this option is command line. Note that this option is
only supported for the only supported for the
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>less</refentry title><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> <citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentry title>less</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
pager.</para></listitem> pager.</para></listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>
<varlistentry> <varlistentry>
<term><option>-n</option></term> <term><option>-n</option></term>
<term><option>--lines=</option></term> <term><option>--lines=</option></term>
<listitem><para>Show the most recent <listitem><para>Show the most recent
journal events and limit the number of journal events and limit the number of
events shown. If events shown. If
skipping to change at line 495 skipping to change at line 506
<literal>_TRANSPORT=kernel</literal>. <literal>_TRANSPORT=kernel</literal>.
</para></listitem> </para></listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>
<varlistentry> <varlistentry>
<term><option>-u</option></term> <term><option>-u</option></term>
<term><option>--unit=<replaceable>UNIT</rep laceable>|<replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable></option></term> <term><option>--unit=<replaceable>UNIT</rep laceable>|<replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable></option></term>
<listitem><para>Show messages for the <listitem><para>Show messages for the
specified systemd unit specified systemd unit
<replaceable>UNIT</replaceable>, or <replaceable>UNIT</replaceable> (such
for any of the units matched by as a service unit), or for any of the
units matched by
<replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>. <replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>.
If a pattern is specified, a list of If a pattern is specified, a list of
unit names found in the journal is unit names found in the journal is
compared with the specified pattern compared with the specified pattern
and all that match are used. For each and all that match are used. For each
unit name, a match is added for unit name, a match is added for
messages from the unit messages from the unit
(<literal>_SYSTEMD_UNIT=<replaceable>UNIT</ replaceable></literal>), (<literal>_SYSTEMD_UNIT=<replaceable>UNIT</ replaceable></literal>),
along with additional matches for along with additional matches for
messages from systemd and messages messages from systemd and messages
skipping to change at line 543 skipping to change at line 555
<listitem><para>Filter output by <listitem><para>Filter output by
message priorities or priority message priorities or priority
ranges. Takes either a single numeric ranges. Takes either a single numeric
or textual log level (i.e. between or textual log level (i.e. between
0/<literal>emerg</literal> and 0/<literal>emerg</literal> and
7/<literal>debug</literal>), or a 7/<literal>debug</literal>), or a
range of numeric/text log levels in range of numeric/text log levels in
the form FROM..TO. The log levels are the form FROM..TO. The log levels are
the usual syslog log levels as the usual syslog log levels as
documented in documented in
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>syslog</refent rytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentry title>syslog</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
i.e. <literal>emerg</literal> (0), i.e. <literal>emerg</literal> (0),
<literal>alert</literal> (1), <literal>alert</literal> (1),
<literal>crit</literal> (2), <literal>crit</literal> (2),
<literal>err</literal> (3), <literal>err</literal> (3),
<literal>warning</literal> (4), <literal>warning</literal> (4),
<literal>notice</literal> (5), <literal>notice</literal> (5),
<literal>info</literal> (6), <literal>info</literal> (6),
<literal>debug</literal> (7). If a <literal>debug</literal> (7). If a
single log level is specified, all single log level is specified, all
messages with this log level or a messages with this log level or a
skipping to change at line 903 skipping to change at line 915
<programlisting>journalctl /usr/bin/dbus-daemon</programlis ting> <programlisting>journalctl /usr/bin/dbus-daemon</programlis ting>
<para>Show all logs of the kernel device node <filename noi ndex='true'>/dev/sda</filename>:</para> <para>Show all logs of the kernel device node <filename noi ndex='true'>/dev/sda</filename>:</para>
<programlisting>journalctl /dev/sda</programlisting> <programlisting>journalctl /dev/sda</programlisting>
<para>Show all kernel logs from previous boot:</para> <para>Show all kernel logs from previous boot:</para>
<programlisting>journalctl -k -b -1</programlisting> <programlisting>journalctl -k -b -1</programlisting>
<para>Show a live log display from a system service <filena
me>apache.service</filename>:</para>
<programlisting>journalctl -f -u apache</programlisting>
</refsect1> </refsect1>
<refsect1> <refsect1>
<title>See Also</title> <title>See Also</title>
<para> <para>
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle ><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle ><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-journald.servi ce</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-journald.servi ce</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytit le><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytit le><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>coredumpctl</refentryt itle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.journal-fields </refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.journal-fields </refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>journald.conf</refentr ytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> <citerefentry><refentrytitle>journald.conf</refentr ytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
</para> </para>
</refsect1> </refsect1>
</refentry> </refentry>
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